THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

PREAMBLE  

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,

Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,

Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,

Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTSas a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

Article 1.

• All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2.

• Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3.

• Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 4.

• No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Article 5.

• No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 6.

• Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

Article 7.

• All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Article 8.

• Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

Article 9.

• No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Article 10.

• Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

Article 11.

• (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
• (2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

Article 12.

• No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 13.

• (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
• (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

Article 14.

• (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
• (2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 15.

• (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
• (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

Article 16.

• (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
• (2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
• (3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

Article 17.

• (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
• (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Article 18.

• Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Article 19.

• Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

Article 20.

• (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
• (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

Article 21.

• (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
• (2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
• (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

Article 22.

• Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

Article 23.

• (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
• (2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
• (3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
• (4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

Article 24.

• Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

Article 25.

• (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
• (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Article 26.

• (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
• (2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
• (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

Article 27.

• (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
• (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

Article 28.

• Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

Article 29.

• (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
• (2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
• (3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 30.

• Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein

( SOURCE-http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ )

Sample Position Paper-2

Topic-A

Name: Mannat Malik

School: The Heritage School, Gurgaon

Country: Colombia

Committee: UNICEF

Topic: Children and Terrorism

Child Terrorism is a highly atrocious act,unfortunately this is a major development age and children are educated to act with emotions such as insensitivity, and to show a series of harsh behavior on humanity. Colombia holds a history of formation of powerful terrorist groups which still exist and remain strengthy like FARC-EP & ELN and fully support the recruitment of children, 300 cases of recruitment were reported in 29 out of the 32 departments, and the number of children who were not reported remains indefinite.Girls are appointed for sexual exploitation or domestic work while the boys are turned into child soldiers or domestic workers; deadly measures are taken against the children if they are caught escaping or refuse to work.A few children see terrorism as an escape to their dissatisfying lives, children belonging to economically depressed families or being abused in various ways volunteer to join, while some are abducted or offered to join these groups. The inclusion of children in an armed group for any type of work is recognized as a crime and is punished under the criminal code of Colombia.

Colombia has ratified the Cape Town Principles, it has also ratified and endorsed the Paris Commitments to protect children from unlawful recruitment or use by armed forces or armed groups and has also been a part of the international coalition to stop the use of children as soldiers. The committee on the Rights of Child considered Colombia’s third periodic report on the convention of the rights of child. Colombia in order to prevent these activities started the demobilization process in which hundreds of children were demobilized. Appreciable amount of improvement has been made by the government to weaken the armed groups thus stopping the recruitment of children, many awareness campaigns have been launched by the government & NGOs. Earlier a document was published designed to work with government strategies, focusing on the issue of recruitment and use of children by armed groups, the government has also launched programs and activities like “Protection of Children and Adolescents Demobilized from Armed Groups Operating outside the Law”, the “Mine Action Program” and the “Inter-agency Recruitment Prevention Commission” continue their ventures and is also initiating other countries to take similar measures.

The issue is of paramount importance and remains a top priority. Potent methods of prevention shall be brought about worldwide as soon as possible. Awareness plays a major role as a number of children who volunteer to join the armed groups are unconscious of the harm it is going to cause them, and how legally wrong it is. Making them acknowledged of the fact would definitely suppress their choice of joining these groups therefore maximum number of campaigns should be launched, schools should also organize workshops etc. making the children more aware.

To help the current victims, DDR (disarmament, demobilization & reintegration) programs should repeatedly take place with all the three steps of disarmament, demobilization & reintegration executing properly. Pleasant results have been witnessed in Colombia Majorly affected areas must keep the DDR process active and if it is worked out properly with full care and concentration then the problem can be cleared out with full satisfaction of the child’s mental and physical state.

Topic-B 

Name: Mannat Malik

School: The Heritage School, Gurgaon

Country: Colombia

Committee: UNICEF

Topic: Children and HIV/AIDS

AIDS has been rapidly spreading all over the world and has not only affected elders but children too, directly or indirectly. Around 2, 30,000 children are living with HIV/AIDS in Colombia. Majorly the problem has been spreading because of the lack of awareness, usually in backward or underdeveloped areas. The armed conflict in Colombia is also contributing to the flourishing of AIDS. Children are often disowned or abandoned if they are found HIV positive, therefore the treatments never take place due to lack of economical and moral support or because of the absence of guidance. Many children are also indirectly affected in Colombia as in most cases the main bread winner of the family is suffering through AIDS and usually the pressure of earning is put onto the child, which leads to the withdrawal from school, basically missing out on education and causes additional mental stress at a very young age. When deaths of parents or guardians are caused by HIV then the child is refused shelter in the homes of relatives or family friends as they are disinterested in assisting the childor are unable to provide children with their necessities.

Colombia holds the potential of producing antiretroviral drugs, which are by far most important in curing the disease. Colombia is making numerous efforts on beginning the manufacturing of these drugs in the country as the scope of growth definitely exists, and Colombia should be seen as a potential producer. As soon as we meet the right requirements the production will start and will not only aid Colombia but through trading it will also help people in other countries to have a chance to treat themselves. Till now trading of antiretroviral drugs has been on in the country and the people of Colombia have access to these drugs. Colombia in an effort to clear out the disease made the antiretroviral drugs free for people with low income and initiated other countries to do the same.

Awareness plays an important role, as many children and adolescents have HIV/AIDS because of the lack of awareness about the transmission of the disease. Workshops on HIV/AIDS should be made compulsory in schools informing children about the mechanisms of HIV/AIDS transmission and how people who are suffering through the disease should be treated. If children are aware about the preventions of HIV/AIDS then the situation amongst children &adolescents can definitely be improved and we also must initiate them to spread and make others also aware.

The antiretroviral drugs have been appreciated worldwide, HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) has been adapted by many people although some people still consider it a bit unsafe & impotent for children which is not true, as a research tells that 81% of children who got the treatment done, recovered & survived, while to the others it did not prove much effective and deaths were also caused but not because of the treatment, therefore this treatment should be made popular amongst children and adolescents respective of the facts of how safe and effective it is.

 ( MANNAT MALIK FROM THE HERITAGE SCHOOL, GURGAON, CLASS 9, TOOK PART IN THE HARVARD MUN)
PAPER POSTED WITH THE PRIOR PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR.

Result of Elections.

“First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win.”
MAHATMA GANDHI

With these opening lines, Our Newly appointed chairperson just won everyone over.
Class IXth and Xth students were part of this event.

And the newly appointed office bearers are:

Chairperson( X B) - Japjee Kaur
Vice Chairperson (IX A)- Pranav

Names of Treasurer, Event Managers to be announced soon!

Important Dates

Event                                                                      Date and day

1.Nominations for various posts                          26th December 2012, Wednesday
2.Elections for various posts                                 28th December 2012, Friday
3.Last date for Delegates to 
submit position paper                                             30th December,2012 by 12 noon
4.Presidium MUN   (Tentative)                             2nd February, Saturday

Final nomination list for various posts

Post- Chairman ( Class X) 
( Number of post(s)-1)
name of students

1.Yash
2. Japjee
3.Vrinda


Post-  Vice-Chairman(Class IX)
(Number of post(s)-1)
Name of students
1. Satvik
2. Pranav
3. Anubhav
4.Sachneet
5.Shantanu
6.Riya
7.Shresth

Post- Treasurer (Class VIII and IX)
(Number of posts-2)
Name of the students
1.Divya
2.Priyal
3.Rhythm
4.Manika
5.Mehak
6.Anubhav
7.Tanya Saraaf
8.Deepansh

Post- Event Management ( Class VIII and X)
(Number of posts-2)
Name of the students
1. Muskaan
2.Rushil
3.Priya


Final elections would be held on  28th December 2012.
All nominated members- have to speak for a minute about themselves:
 -Name, class, post.
-why they should be chosen for this post?



Chhavi.

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Chhavi

Student delegates - MUN

PRESIDIUM MUN
Committee - Human Right Commission
	CLASS 10 A
Name of the student			Country delegated
Vedika			Afganistan
Vrinda			Iraq
Udita			China
dhruv			Turkey
Amisha			Bangladesh
Nehal			Eqypt
Anas			Saudi Arabia
Bharat			Japan
Avneet			Sri lanka
Vanshika			France
Meenakshi			Iran
Arpit			Somalia
	Class 10 B
Name of the Student			Country delegated
Japjee			Isreal
Saloni			Sri Lanka
Anmol			Sri Lanka
Nehal Singla			China
Akshay			France
Ayush			China
Monis			Isreal
Shreesh			Afganistan
Kriti			Mexico
Jagriti			Sudan
Shivang			Australia
Rishul			Iran
Yash			Britain
Shubhangi			Palestine
		Class 9 A
Name of the student			Countrydelegated
Tanya sarraf			Germany
Ashika Jain			France
Prachi pahwa			Australia
Pooja Ghorawat			Iran
Pranav aggarwal			Iraq
Shantanu Jalan			Sri Lanka
Shamangi sharma			Afganistan
Riddhi sharma			Isreal
Misbah shahid			USA
Lipika singh			South Africa
Akansha Goel			Saudi Arabia
Mayank Goyal			Syria
Divij Sethi			Great Britain
	Class 9 B
Name of the student			Country delegated
	Tanya South Africa Aastha Turkey Satvik Afganistan Sachneet Iran Parth Shresth Iraq Nandini Pakistan Kritee Saudi Arabia Mahima France Priyanka Germany Anubhav Italy Siddhi Bangladesh Diksha Sri Lanka Divya Australia Riya Greece Shouray Great Britain Deepansh USA Gaurav syria Sparsh Egypt
Class 8 A Name of the student Country delegated Riya Saudi Arabia Ashra Iraq Rushil Kochar Iran Muskan Dawar Egypt Ish Khattar Sri Lanka Simran Mittal Bangladesh Kartikay Bedi Greece Manika Bhatia Great Britain Suhasi Verma France Mehak Jain Germany Simran Singh Syria Ishita Sharma Iran Priyal Gupta Russia Rhythm Arora USA Harman Singh France Raghav Khanna Italy Garima Sharma Egypt Fiza Sharma Syria Mansehej Singh Bedi Bangladesh Archit Jain SriLanka SuruchiSharma Afreen                                                                                Afganistan Class 8 B Name of the student Country delegate Radhika Singhal France Yashi Bansal USA Sanya Talwar Australia Kriti Jain Pakistan Karir Rana Iran Kashish Khanduja Egypt Shruti Bansal Bhutan

SAMPLE POSITION PAPER

Position Paper Submission Guidelines 
A Position Paper is a brief summarize of a country's policy and interests concerning the topics
on the Agenda. It should contain a clear statement of the country’s position on the topic and clear
reasoning, also  suggesting  a plan of action concerning the issues under consideration.
The Position Paper should be a product of the delegate’s own research and should be concise
and substantial.
In the first part of your Position Paper you should briefly address the issues on the Agenda, the
relevancy and the scope of the problem. You should mention the major  players, the current
developments concerning the issues under discussion, the action UN has taken in this respect,
whether by specialized agencies, regional bodies or non-governmental organizations, the most
significant resolutions that have been passed, international treaties and provisions for future action.
In the second part you should specify the official position of the country you represent in
respect to the issues under consideration. It should include brief statements about where your
country stands on the issue in question, past statements on the topic by representatives of your
government, especially if these mention the significance of the issues on the Agenda to your
country, specific suggestions that your country will support in providing a solution for the issues in
question. You should also make reference to the role UN has assumed to confront this issue. You do
not need to go into detail about your negotiating positions



Position Paper Format
Committee:
Country:
Topic Area A:
Topic Area B:

Sample Position Paper 
Delegation: Luxembourg
Represented by Florida International University
Position Paper for the International Organization for Migration
The issues before the International Organization for Migration are the following: Social
Development and Migration Assistance in Afghanistan and Addressing Trafficking in Human
Beings.I. Social Development and Migration Assistance in Afghanistan
Luxembourg recognizes the widening gap between the rich and the poorest countries and
emphasizes that the developed world, and particularly the European Union, should increasingly
assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development, and take account of the suffering
of peoples around the world. Luxembourg stresses the importance of international assistance and
social development in currently fragile Afghanistan not only as  a response to humanitarian need

but also for the purposes of international security and conflict resolution. Recognizing the
importance of international solidarity and cooperation for progress, Luxembourg reaffirms its
commitment expressed in the Bonn Agreement, to assist in bringing about “national reconciliation,
lasting peace, stability and respect for human rights in Afghanistan.” Luxembourg recognizes its
responsibilities as one of the richest countries of the world. Our development aid exceeds the target
rate of 0.7% of GDP set by the United Nations and will reach 1% of GDP by the year 2005. In
addition, Luxembourg is, along with other EU members, one of the top donor’s to the UNAMA
program, established by Security Council Resolution 1401 as part of the Afghanistan Transitional
Administration (ATA), which serves to coordinate international assistance efforts in support of the
transition to peace. Luxembourg also supports and contributes to the Afghanistan Interim Authority
Fund (ATA), set up to meet the most pressing needs of re-establishing the civil service. Luxembourg
stress the importance of linking essential humanitarian assistance and crisis responses with
sustained development, as emphasized by the Transitional Assistance Programme for the Afghan
People  (ITAP) in the  National Development Framework  (NDF) strategy, and encourages all
countries to support large number of initiatives that address the ongoing humanitarian crisis with a
combination of emergency and recovery programming, including the  Afghanistan Transition
Initiative  (ATI), the  Return of Qualified Afghans  (RQA) program, and the  Assisted Voluntary
Returns  (AVR) program. Recognizing the importance of education and professional skills,
Luxembourg is one of the top three contributors to  UNDP Rapid Deployment Facility in
Afghanistan, which serves as a flexible mechanism through which international experts as well as
Afghan nationals can serve as UN Volunteers. In conclusion, Luxembourg urges the international
community to strengthen and implement their commitment to assist with the rehabilitation recovery
and reconstruction of Afghanistan, in order to prevent extended.



II. Addressing Trafficking in Human Beings (THB)
In accordance with the Declaration of Human Rights, Luxembourg remains committed to the
protection of human rights in the global community. Luxembourg feels that the government of any
nation should act as an instrument of the people, and it should protect the fundamental rights of people regardless of their gender or nationality. Human rights’  violations, particularly the
trafficking of human beings, have become a global phenomenon that can occur in any nation at any
given time. Due to the transient nature of the trafficking of human beings, all nations are susceptible
to its effects within their borders. A problem of this magnitude  can only be combated through
mutual cooperation among nation-states. Transnational organized crime groups victimize migrants
through the practice of trafficking human beings for the purpose of exploitation. The exploitation of
migrants has become a highly profitable activity for transnational organized crime groups across the
globe that exposes unsuspecting migrants to forced labor, involuntary servitude, and sexual
exploitation. Luxembourg full supports the objective of the Global Programme against Trafficking
in Human Beings, started in March 1999, to assist member states in their fight against the illegal
practice of trafficking of human beings. Luxembourg recognizes the importance of all international
endeavors that have sought to eliminate the trafficking of human beings. Luxembourg has signed
the  Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and
Children  as well as the  Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Air and Sea,
Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. The UN
Millennium General Assembly adopted these protocols that were  drafted as a result of the
International Convention against Transnational Organized Crime  on November 15th, 2000 It is only through the enforcement of laws against the trafficking of human
beings that the number of human rights’ violations against migrants will begin to subside.
Luxembourg feels that through mutual cooperation among nation-states this crime can be reduced
significantly, if not eliminated, from the global community.

(source:http://sites.mgkworld.net/thessis07/files/guide_pap.pdf )

PRESIDIUM MUN-ppt

WELCOME ABOARD DEAR PRESIDIANS.